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By: Natalie Samara Edited: Ritisha Debnath According to Cleveland Clinic, infant botulism is a rare but serious illness that affects babies under one year old. Clostridium botulinum, a gram-positive, rod-shaped, bacterium, has the ability to produce botulinum toxin in the formula. The symptoms usually start with: Choking when trying to feed Constipation Poor feeding Eyelid drooping (ptosis) Lack of facial expressions, being unable to lift their head, or other signs of muscle

By: Nelllie Gkatzimas Edited: Ritisha Debnath Weight loss trends have come and gone over the years, especially as people realize the importance of healthy living and how it over pours to the other facets of your life. Oftentimes these effects can alter different  parts of our lives in a negative way. Some examples of this, like our mental health, gut health, and overall cognitive abilities, can be greatly impaired by unhealthy lifestyles and being overweight. One of the more

By: Ritisha Debnath Edited: Tarynn OCampo Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear liquid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord, providing protection from injury. It also helps maintain stable pressure in the central nervous system. A CSF leak occurs when the fluid escapes through a tear or hole in the dura mater, the protective membrane surrounding the brain and spine. These tears can develop after head injuries, spinal procedures such as lumbar punctures, or sur

By: Ritisha Debnath Rigor mortis is a critical biological phenomenon that occurs shortly after death, characterized by a distinct stiffening of the body’s muscles. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the process is caused by a “biochemical failure” involving the decline of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the source of energy used in a living person’s metabolism, specifically, their muscle contractions. However, once breathing stops, no

By: Isabella Pankow Edited: Ritisha Debnath What is dyslexia? Dyslexia is a common neurobiological learning disability that impairs a person’s ability to recognize certain words, read, decode, and spell words (Rawe, 2024). Dyslexia is oftentimes hereditary — up to 60% of children with dyslexia have a parent who struggles with reading and writing. Studies suggest 15-20% of school-aged children in the U.S. have some level of dyslexia. Since a dyslexic child’s way of processing

By: Ritisha Debnath Editor: Shrinidhi Getting good sleep is essential as it allows both the brain and body to function properly. During sleep, the body moves through structured sleep cycles that include non-REM stages (Stages 1, 2, 3) and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Non-REM sleep helps the body repair tissues, strengthen the immune system, and restore energy, while REM sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation, learning, and emotional processing. These stages repeat

By: Nellie Gkatzimas Editor: Ritisha Debnath As the first month of the semester comes to an end, many students may already feel drained. Taking care of our minds and bodies in thoughtful ways can help us counterbalance any mental or physical barriers to study, resist procrastination, and avoid feeling overwhelmed. Simple habits like eating well, sleeping a full eight hours a day when possible, exercising regularly, and controlling the time spent monitoring electronic devices

By: Nellie Gkatzimas Editor: Ritisha Debnath Circadian rhythms can best be defined as our bodies' biological, internal clock. Circadian rhythms are an essential part of human wellbeing and functioning. This clock helps regulate our sleep wake cycles and many other internal processes, such as the functioning of our organs. The circadian rhythm is regulated by a small region of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The consistent 24 hour cycle can overall be maint

By: Tarynn OCampo As the school year progresses on, students in school often find themselves not only pressured by their academic work and their expectations for themselves – but are pressured in their own environment. When a pupil is put into certain environments where they feel unaccepted, overlooked, judged, and bullied - their mental health deteriorates in the smallest yet impacting ways. Though as students ourselves, let us advocate and create safe spaces for one another

By: Isabella Pankow Edited: Shrinidhi Sridhar After a long day of work or studying, studies show that 86% of Americans end their days by “doom scrolling” on their phones, unaware of the impacts that this habit is having on their brains and bodies (​​Luchter, 2025). A survey done by Bank of America showed how 7 in 10 Americans sleep with or next to their phone. In addition to this phone addiction, 67% of teenagers have reported that using their phone before bed has caused them

By: Nellie Gkatzimas Editor: Shrinidhi Sridhar The Nobel Prize is a very honorable award given to members of  the scientific community recognizing contributions in (add fields where you can earn awards) since 1901. As of 2025, over 633 awards have been granted to 1,026 organizations and individuals.  Of the Nobel prizes awarded in 2025 one was granted to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their contributions in the Physiology or Medicine category. Their

Writer: Isabella Pankow Editor: Shrinidhi Sridhar Research shows that learning new languages makes you smarter Have you ever wondered what happens to the brain when you learn a new language? Scientists have discovered learning new vocabulary and grammar can alter your brain chemistry (Hernandez, 2025). In addition, research has reported that multilingual people often have better memory, focus, and critical thinking skills than those who only speak one language (Jiang, 2025).

Writer: Nellie Gkatzimas Editor: Ritisha Debnath Neuroscience, though rooted in centuries of human curiosity and gradual understanding of the brain, remains a relatively young and rapidly evolving field. Despite its extensiveness, ongoing research and use of technology to collect and analyze data, we still know little about the human brain and its bewildering complexities. Each year, new discoveries push the boundaries of what we know about neural function and associated beha

By: Natalie Samara The type of dishes we eat provide essential nutrients for our energy, growth, bodily function, and immune system, in...

By: Natalie Samara Breastfeeding and other ways of naming it for example “nursing” and “chest feeding” is feeding a baby human milk from...

Writer: Shrinidhi Editor: Moiz TikTok has been rapidly growing both as a social media platform and as a source of health knowledge. With...

Writer: Shrinidhi Editor: Moiz When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in March 2020, telehealth visits increased by 766% within the first three...

By: Natalie Samara What is a minority? There are different definitions for what a minority is, but one accepted definition for it is a...

By: Natalie Samara Our brain is the most complex and beautifully constructed organ in the human body and controls our thoughts, memory,...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of healthcare, with one of its most innovative applications being the use...